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Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 699-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3

摘要： Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW , including 227 units of 135 MW , 95 units of 300 MW , and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.

关键词： CFB boiler     installed capacity     reliability     economics     ultra-low emission     China    

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Effect of circulating ash from CFB boilers on NO and N

Xiangsong HOU, Shi YANG, Junfu LU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 241-246 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0006-0

摘要： NO and N O emissions from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are determined by their formation and destruction rates in the furnace. The effect of circulating ash from a CFB boiler on NO and N O emissions were investigated in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor. The results show that the residue char in circulating ash and the CO generated from the char play an important role in NO reduction and N O formation; however, active components of circulating ash such as CaO, Fe O accelerate the decomposition of N O. Experiment was also conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler fueled with the mixture of anthracite and biomass. The lower residue carbon content of circulating ash in this experiment is lower; therefore, the reacting rate of NO deoxidize is limited. This result verified the conclusion of laboratory research.

关键词： CFB boiler     circulating ash     NO reduction     N2O thermal decomposition     biomass    

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Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

Junping GU, Yuxin WU, Liping WU, Man ZHANG, Hairui YANG, Junfu LYU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 715-725 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0690-3

摘要： In this paper, the design and operation of a novel coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) drum boiler that can generate superheated steam using saline water were introduced. The natural circulation water dynamics with a drum was adopted instead of the traditional once-through steam generator (OTSG) design, so that superheated steam can be generated for the better performance of the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology in heavy oil recovery. The optimized staged evaporation method was proposed to further decrease the salinity of water in the clean water section of the boiler. The evaporating pipes of the salted water section were rearranged in the back pass of the boiler, where the heat load is low, to further improve the heat transfer safety. A CFB combustion technology was used for coal firing to achieve a uniform heat transfer condition with low heat flux. Pollutant control technologies were adopted to reduce pollutant emissions. Based on the field test, the recommended water standard for the coal-fired CFB drum boilers was determined. With the present technology, the treated recovery wastewater can be reused in steam-injection boilers to generate superheated steam. The engineering applications show that the boiler efficiency is higher than 90%, the blowdown rate is limited within 5.5%, and the superheat of steam can reach up to 30 K. Besides, the heavy oil recovery efficiency is significantly improved. Moreover, the pollutant emissions of SO , NO and dust are controlled within the ranges of 20–90 mg/(N·m ), 30–90 mg/(N·m ) and 2–10 mg/(N·m ) respectively.

关键词： drum steam injection boiler     natural circulation     recovery wastewater     staged evaporation     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)    

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Fault simulation of boiler heating surface ash deposition in a power plant system

Weiwei ZHANG, Huisheng ZHANG, Ming SU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 435-443 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0162-x

摘要： The simulation model of a power generation system was developed based on EASY5 simulation platform. The performances of the power plant under the conditions of the furnace slagging and ash deposition of the heating surfaces in the boiler were simulated. The results show that the simulation model can reasonably reflect the characteristics of the power plant when each component is under fault conditions. Through fault simulation, the change of the performance parameters can be obtained, which can be used in fault diagnosis system as the diagnosis criterion for expert system.

关键词： boiler     slagging     ash deposition     fault simulation    

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Heating energy performance and part load ratio characteristics of boiler staging in an office building

Da Young LEE, Byeong Mo SEO, Yeo Beom YOON, Sung Hyup HONG, Jong Min CHOI, Kwang Ho LEE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 339-353 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0596-5

摘要： Commercial buildings account for significant portions of the total building energy in South Korea and thus a variety of research on the boiler operation related to heating energy in office buildings has been carried out thus far. However, most of the researches have been conducted on the boiler itself, i.e., the part load ratio characteristics and the corresponding gas energy consumption patterns are not analyzed in the existing studies. In this study, the part load ratio and the operating characteristics of gas boiler have been analyzed within an office building equipped with the conventional variable air volume system. In addition, the gas consumption among different boiler staging schemes has been comparatively analyzed. As a result, significant portions of total operating hours, heating load and energy consumption has been found to be in a part load ratio range of 0 through 40% and thus energy consumption is significantly affected by boiler efficiency at low part load conditions. This suggests that boiler operation at the part load is an important factor in commercial buildings. In addition, utilizing sequential boiler staging scheme can save a gas usage of about 7%. For annual heating energy saving, applying the sequential control boiler with a 3:7 proportion staging is considered to be the optimal control algorithm for maximum efficiency of boilers.

关键词： EnergyPlus     boiler     part load ratio     gas consumption     office building     boiler staging    

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Thermodynamic models and energy distribution of single-phase heated surface in a boiler under unsteady

Xiyan GUO, Yongping YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 69-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0117-7

摘要： A coal-fired power unit frequently operates under unsteady conditions; thus, in order to acquire scientific energy analysis of the unit, thermodynamic analysis of a single-phase heated surface in a boiler under such conditions requires investigation. Processes are analyzed, and distributions of energy and exergy are qualitatively revealed. Models for energy analysis, entropy analysis, and exergy analysis of control volumes and irreversible heat transfer processes are established. Taking the low-temperature superheater of a 610 t/h-boiler as an example, the distribution of energy, entropy production, and exergy is depicted quantitatively, and the results are analyzed.

关键词： thermodynamic model     energy distribution     boiler     unsteady conditions    

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Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

LU Junfu, YUE Guangxi, YANG Hairui, ZHANG Jiansheng, YU Long, ZHANG Man, YANG Zhongming

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 134-139 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0027-0

摘要： The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design.

关键词： horizontal     different furnace     temperature     FEA     measurement    

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Large eddy simulation of a 660 MW utility boiler under variable load conditions

Haoshu SHEN, Yuxin WU, Minmin ZHOU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Junfu LYU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 124-131 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0659-2

摘要： Large eddy simulation (LES) has become a promising tool for pulverized coal combustion with the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies in recent years. LES can better capture the unsteady features and turbulent structures of coal jet flame than Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS). The coal-fired power plants in China are now required to be operated in a wide load range and quickly respond to the electric grid. The boiler performance of variable loads should be evaluated in terms of flow, heat transfer, and combustion processes. In this paper, LES was applied to simulate a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler under BMCR (boiler maximum continue rate), 75%THA-100, and 50%THA-100 conditions. The predicted gas velocities agree well with the thermal calculation and the temperature error is less than 130 K. The simulation results show that the operation load has significant effects on the boiler performance. It is also proved that LES can provide guidance for the design and operation of advanced coal-fired boilers.

关键词： large eddy simulation     ultra-supercritical boiler     operation load    

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Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 91-95 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0009-7

摘要： Numerical simulation and experimental study on NO release along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion have been conducted. With the increase of temperature the NO emission increased and the peak value of NO release moved forward. But when the temperature increased to a certain degree, NO emission began to reduce. NO emission increased with the increase of nitrogen content of coal. The peak value of NO release moved backwards with the increase of coal rank. NO emission increased obviously with the increase of stoichiometric ratio. There existed a critical average diameter of the pulverized coal (). If "d, NO emission reduced with the decrease of pulverized coal size. If >, NO emission reduced with the increase of the pulverized coal size. The results showed that the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results for concentration distribution of NO along the axis of the furnace.
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Mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash in PC and CFB boilers

Li JIA, Baoguo FAN, Xianrong ZHENG, Xiaolei QIAO, Yuxing YAO, Rui ZHAO, Jinrong GUO, Yan JIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 112-123 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0682-3

摘要： The mercury emission was obtained by measuring the mercury contents in flue gas and solid samples in pulverized coal (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) utility boilers. The relationship was obtained between the mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash. The parameters included unburned carbon content, particle size, and pore structure of fly ash. The results showed that the majority of mercury released to the atmosphere with the flue gas in PC boiler, while the mercury was enriched in fly ash and captured by the precipitator in CFB boiler. The coal factor was proposed to characterize the impact of coal property on mercury emissions in this paper. As the coal factor increased, the mercury emission to the atmosphere decreased. It was also found that the mercury content of fly ash in the CFB boiler was ten times higher than that in the PC boiler. As the unburned carbon content increased, the mercury adsorbed increased. The capacity of adsorbing mercury by fly ash was directly related to the particle size. The particle size corresponding to the highest content of mercury, which was about 560 ng/g, appeared in the range from 77.5 to 106 µm. The content of mesoporous (4–6 nm) of the fly ash in the particle size of 77.5–106 µm was the highest, which was beneficial to adsorbing the mercury. The specific surface area played a more significant role than specific pore volume in the mercury adsorption process.

关键词： mercury     combustion modes     coal property     fly ash     particle size    

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Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 26-37 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0668-1

摘要： The effect of oil shale semi-coke (SC) on the mineralogy and morphology of the ash deposited on probes situated in the flue path of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) which burns Zhundong lignite (ZD) was investigated. 10 wt% or 20 wt% SC was added to ZD, which were then combusted in the CFB furnace at 950°C. Two probes with vertical and horizontal orientations were installed in the flue duct to simulate ash deposition. Both windward and leeward ash deposits on probes (P W, P L, P W and P L) were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES, and a particle size analyzer. When ZD was burned alone, the P W deposit was comprised of agglomerates (<30 m) enriched in CaSO and Na SiO , incurring significant sintering. The P L and P W deposits, however, were of both discrete and agglomerated particles in similar mineral phases but with coarser sizes. The P L deposit was mainly fine ash particles where Na SiO and Na SO were absent. As SC was added, the agglomerates in both P W and P L decreased. Moreover, SiO and Ca/Na aluminosilicates dominated the mineral phases whereas Na SiO and Na SO disappeared, showing a decrease in deposit stickiness. Likewise, the P W deposit was found less spread on the probe, decreasing its deposition propensity. Na-bearing minerals turned into (Na, K)(Si Al)O and (Ca, Na)(Si, Al) O in the P W deposit. Moreover, Na in the deposits decreased from 32 mg/g to less than 15 mg/g as SC presented. The addition of SC would therefore help alleviate the propensity of ash deposition in the flue path in the CFB combustion of ZD.

关键词： ash deposition     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)     mineral transformation     oil shale semi-coke (SC)     Zhundong lignite (ZD)    

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Application of digital holography to circle flow bed boiler measurement

PU Shiliang, WANG Qinghui, CEN Kefa, Denis Lebrun, REN Kuanfang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 218-222 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0029-3

摘要： The spatial distribution of particles in the boiler is very important in the study on the circle flow bed boiler (CFB). Digital in-line holography technique was applied to obtain the spatial and diameter distribution of the particles inside the boiler. A HE-NE laser was used to illuminate the particles inside the CFB through two glass windows and the in-line diffraction pattern was recorded by a CCD camera. The diffraction can be interpreted as a convolution between a family of wavelet functions and the object function. So the three-dimensional (3D) images of the particles in the two-phase flow were reconstructed by the convolution between diffraction pattern and wavelet functions. The particle diameters and 3D coordinates were calculated from the reconstructed 3D images by a series of image-processing methods, followed by a discussion of the experimental results.

关键词： HE-NE     function     convolution     two-phase     diffraction    

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and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired CFBboiler

Yishu XU, Xiaowei LIU, Jiuxin QI, Tianpeng ZHANG, Minghou XU, Fangfang FEI, Dingqing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 449-459 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0734-3

摘要： Recognizing the nature and formation progress of the ash deposits is essential to resolve the deposition problem hindering the wide application of large-scale biomass-fired boilers. Therefore, the ash deposits in the superheaters of a 220 t/h biomass-fired CFB boiler were studied, including the platen (PS), the high-temperature (HTS), the upper and the lower low-temperature superheaters (LTS). The results showed that the deposits in the PSs and HTSs were thin (several millimeters) and compact, consisting of a yellow outer layer and snow-white inner layer near the tube surface. The deposits in the upper LTS appeared to be toughly sintered ceramic, while those in the lower LTS were composed of dispersive coarse ash particles with an unsintered surface. Detailed characterization of the cross-section and the initial layers in the deposits revealed that the dominating compositions in both the PSs and the HTSs were Cl and K (approximately 70%) in the form of KCl. Interestingly, the cross-section of the deposition in the upper LTS exhibited a unique lamellar structure with a major composition of Ca and S. The contents of Ca and Si increased from approximately 10% to approximately 60% in the deposits from the high temperature surfaces to the low temperature ones. It was concluded that the vaporized mineral matter such as KCl played the most important role in the deposition progress in the PS and the HTS. In addition, although the condensation of KCl in the LTSs also happened, the deposition of ash particles played a more important role.

关键词： ash deposition     biomass combustion     circulating fluidized bed     initial layer     structure analysis    

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我国锅炉装备绿色低碳发展路径研究

李军,笪耀东,刘雪敏,于吉明,常勇强,侯娜娜

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第4期   页码 212-221 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.021

摘要：

二是进一步突破CFB发电技术。、低热值煤的清洁高效利用和低负荷稳燃问题 [ 关键词： 锅炉装备     低碳发展     节能增效     燃料结构调整     智能化运行    

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mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverized coal boiler

Rong YAN, Zhichao CHEN, Shuo GUAN, Zhengqi LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 68-77 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0697-9

摘要： In a gas/particle two-phase test facility, a three-component particle-dynamics anemometer was used to measure the characteristics of gas/particle two-phase flows in a 29 megawatt (MW) pulverized coal industrial boiler equipped with a new type of swirling pulverized coal burner. The distributions of three-dimensional gas/particle velocity, particle volume flux, and particle size distribution were measured under different working conditions. The mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux in the central region of the burner outlet were found to be negative. This indicated that a central recirculation zone was formed in the center of the burner. In the central recirculation zone, the absolute value of the mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux increased when the external secondary air volume increased. The size of the central reflux zone remained stable when the air volume ratio changed. Along the direction of the jet, the peak value formed by the tertiary air gradually moved toward the center of the burner. This tertiary air was mixed with the peak value formed by the air in the adiabatic combustion chamber after the cross-section of / = 0.7. Large particles were concentrated near the wall area, and the particle size in the recirculation zone was small.

关键词： industrial pulverized coal boiler     swirl burner     air/particle flow     particle dynamic analyzer (PDA)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

期刊论文

Effect of circulating ash from CFB boilers on NO and N

Xiangsong HOU, Shi YANG, Junfu LU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE

期刊论文

Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

Junping GU, Yuxin WU, Liping WU, Man ZHANG, Hairui YANG, Junfu LYU

期刊论文

Fault simulation of boiler heating surface ash deposition in a power plant system

Weiwei ZHANG, Huisheng ZHANG, Ming SU

期刊论文

Heating energy performance and part load ratio characteristics of boiler staging in an office building

Da Young LEE, Byeong Mo SEO, Yeo Beom YOON, Sung Hyup HONG, Jong Min CHOI, Kwang Ho LEE

期刊论文

Thermodynamic models and energy distribution of single-phase heated surface in a boiler under unsteady

Xiyan GUO, Yongping YANG

期刊论文

Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

LU Junfu, YUE Guangxi, YANG Hairui, ZHANG Jiansheng, YU Long, ZHANG Man, YANG Zhongming

期刊论文

Large eddy simulation of a 660 MW utility boiler under variable load conditions

Haoshu SHEN, Yuxin WU, Minmin ZHOU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Junfu LYU

期刊论文

Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

期刊论文

Mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash in PC and CFB boilers

Li JIA, Baoguo FAN, Xianrong ZHENG, Xiaolei QIAO, Yuxing YAO, Rui ZHAO, Jinrong GUO, Yan JIN

期刊论文

Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

期刊论文

Application of digital holography to circle flow bed boiler measurement

PU Shiliang, WANG Qinghui, CEN Kefa, Denis Lebrun, REN Kuanfang

期刊论文

and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired CFBboiler

Yishu XU, Xiaowei LIU, Jiuxin QI, Tianpeng ZHANG, Minghou XU, Fangfang FEI, Dingqing LI

期刊论文

我国锅炉装备绿色低碳发展路径研究

李军,笪耀东,刘雪敏,于吉明,常勇强,侯娜娜

期刊论文

mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverized coal boiler

Rong YAN, Zhichao CHEN, Shuo GUAN, Zhengqi LI

期刊论文